Introduction to Personal Finance
Course Features
Course Details
Course Overview
Introduction to Personal Finance is designed to equip students with essential financial knowledge and skills that are crucial for managing personal finances effectively. This course covers a wide array of topics, including personal financial responsibility, economic fundamentals, career planning, income and taxes, money management, purchasing decisions, credit and debt, risk management, saving and investing, entrepreneurship, and governmental economics. Through interactive lessons, practical exercises, and real-world applications, students will learn how to make informed financial decisions, plan for their future, and achieve financial stability.
By the end of this course, students will have a comprehensive understanding of financial concepts and be able to apply them to their personal and professional lives. They will develop the ability to create budgets, manage credit, save and invest wisely, understand the impact of taxes, and make sound purchasing decisions. Additionally, the course will provide insights into career choices and entrepreneurship, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning and adaptability in the ever-changing financial landscape.
Some schools utilize this curriculum at the 6th-8th grade levels.
Sample Lesson - Introduction
This course was developed by the International Academy of Science. Learn More
Scope and Sequence
Unit 1: Personal Financial Responsibility This unit introduces students to the fundamental concepts of personal financial responsibility. Lessons focus on viewing oneself as the CEO of their financial life, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning in finance, understanding consumer protection laws, and the importance of creating a personal board of directors for financial guidance. Students will also learn how to control and protect personal information, recognize and avoid fraud, and understand the principle of "Caveat Emptor" (buyer beware). A special vocabulary crossword will reinforce key terms and concepts. Unit 2: Economic Fundamentals In this unit, students explore the basic economic principles that underpin personal finance. Topics include resources and wants, opportunity cost, and value-based criteria for decision-making. Students will practice cost-benefit analysis and understand incentives, future and unintended consequences, productivity, and wages. They will also learn about acquiring goods and services and the production possibilities curve, providing a solid foundation for understanding how economic factors influence personal finance. Unit 3: Skills and Careers This unit focuses on the relationship between education, skills, and earning potential. Students will examine how education and training impact wages and salaries in the labor market and the cost-benefit analysis of post-secondary education. Lessons cover scholarships, financial aid, and funding options for education. Students will explore matching skill sets to career opportunities, the importance of loving one's work, and the variety of jobs available. Career pathways and training for various careers will be highlighted, along with a special lesson on career inventory. Unit 4: Income and Taxes Unit 4 delves into the various sources of income and the impact of career longevity and employee benefits on financial stability. Students will learn to calculate net income and understand the different types of taxes, including federal, state, Social Security, Medicare, sales, property, and investment taxes. The unit also covers taxes on tipped workers, the purpose of taxation, and qualifying for government assistance, providing a comprehensive overview of income and tax-related topics. Unit 5: Planning and Money Management This unit teaches students the essentials of planning and managing their money. Lessons cover goal setting, differentiating between fixed and variable expenses, and understanding cash flow. Students will learn how to live within their means, plan to save, create and maintain a budget, and keep accurate financial records. Other topics include payment due dates, managing checking and savings accounts, making deposits and withdrawals, and choosing the right financial institutions. A special lesson on strategies for saving will reinforce these concepts. Unit 6: Purchasing Unit 6 focuses on the various methods of payment and their implications. Students will learn about credit cards, debit cards, and the differences between them. Topics include the terms and conditions for credit, preferred payment methods, and the use of cash, checks, wire transfers, and money orders. The unit also covers making informed purchasing decisions, researching products prior to purchase, evaluating reliability, and considering price, quality, and service. Lessons on substitute goods and services, continuing costs, unplanned expenses, and charitable giving round out this comprehensive unit on purchasing. Unit 7: Credit and Debt In this unit, students will explore various debt instruments and the concepts of interest and principal. Lessons cover interest rates, loan maturity, the role of financial institutions, and the risks associated with collateral and interest. Students will learn about the power of continuous compounding, secured vs. unsecured loans, and different types of loans such as mortgages, credit card debt, car loans, student loans, and small business loans. Additional topics include payday loans, income tax refund loans, cash advance loans, credit scores, and the purpose of credit reports. Students will also learn how to establish good credit, correct debt problems, verify credit reports, and understand consumer credit laws. Unit 8: Risk Management and Insurance This unit focuses on managing financial risks and the importance of insurance. Students will learn about various risks to finances and strategies for risk management, including making a will and understanding warranties. Lessons cover the structure of insurance, choosing the right insurance, and changes to insurance premiums. Topics include property insurance, automobile insurance, leasing or owning property, life insurance, health insurance, and disability insurance, providing a comprehensive overview of risk management and insurance. Unit 9: Saving and Investing Unit 9 covers the principles of saving and investing. Students will learn about the time value of money, the benefits of delayed gratification, and various savings strategies. Lessons cover pricing within financial markets, investment time horizons, buying and selling investments, and the rule of 72. Students will compare investment strategies, understand the dual nature of interest rates, and explore equity vs. debt. The unit also covers the diversification of investments, liquidity, taxation on investments, and regulations designed to protect investors. Unit 10: Types of Investments This unit provides an in-depth look at different types of investments. Students will learn about bonds, stocks, and the differences between them. Topics include calculating percent change, certificates of deposit (CDs), mutual funds, index funds, traditional and Roth IRAs, real estate investments, and the relationship between risk and rate of return. This unit aims to provide students with a thorough understanding of various investment options and their potential benefits and risks. Unit 11: Entrepreneurship Unit 11 introduces students to the world of entrepreneurship. Lessons cover starting a business, recognizing problems as opportunities, and understanding entrepreneurial income. Students will learn about the differences between independent contractors and employees, resources available to entrepreneurs, and the balance of risk and reward. Other topics include business designation, industry analysis, competition, differentiation, marketing, location, finances, and understanding the customer, providing a comprehensive overview of entrepreneurship. Unit 12: Governmental Economics The final unit focuses on the broader economic environment and its impact on personal finance. Students will learn about sovereign economies, free enterprise, and the differences between market and command economies. Lessons cover money and inflation, unemployment, interest rate fluctuations, and the interaction between resource and product markets. 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